Outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: A high remission rate in ACTH-secreting macroadenomas

Edward Fomekong^a, Dominique Maiter^b, Cécile Grandin^c and Christian Raftopoulos^{a, ,}

^aDepartment of Neurosurgery, Cliniques, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc Brussels, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

^bDivision of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc Brussels, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

^cDepartment of Neuroradiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc Brussels, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

Received 15 April 2008; 

revised 2 December 2008; 

accepted 24 December 2008. 

Available online 5 February 2009.

Abstract

Objective

Although numerous studies have shown that transsphenoidal surgery is the best initial treatment for Cushing disease offering 59–95% of success, fewer information is available on the long-term outcome in the subgroup of patients harboring ACTH-secreting macroadenomas. The aims of this study were to analyze our 10-year experience with transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease and to examine whether remission rates were different between micro- and macroadenomas.

Patients and methods

Forty consecutive patients with proven Cushing's disease (28 microadenomas, 12 macroadenomas [diameter: 10–25 mm], 3 patients with no visible adenoma at MRI) underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) assisted by neuronavigation in our center between 1996 and 2007. The diagnosis was made using standard endocrinological criteria including bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with CRH stimulation in all patients with discordant or equivocal biochemical and radiological testing. Morning serum cortisol was measured during the first week postoperatively, and a complete endocrine evaluation was made in all patients at 6–8 weeks. Remission at follow-up was defined as a normal postoperative 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) or continued need for glucocorticoid hormone replacement after TSS.

Results

Overall, 32/40 patients (80%) were in remission after one or more TSS. Interestingly, a very good remission rate (92%) was observed in the subset of macroadenomas, similar to that found in the group of microadenomas (84%, NS), while no post-surgical remission was observed in the 3 patients with no visible adenoma at MRI (p < 0.01). Of the 8 patients not in remission after repeated TSS surgery, 3 underwent radiation therapy and three had bilateral adrenalectomy, allowing remission of their hypercortisolism. There was minor morbidity and no death.

Conclusion

While our overall results are in accordance with other published series, we show here that ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenomas are usually not associated with a bad outcome, in contrast with patients with no visible adenoma at preoperative MRI.

Keywords: ACTH; Cushing's disease; Macroadenoma; Microadenoma; Neuronavigation; Transsphenoidal surgery

Article Outline

1. Introduction

2. Patients and methods

2.1. Patient population

2.2. Endocrine evaluation

2.3. Preoperative imaging

2.4. Surgical procedures

2.5. Histopathology

2.6. Postoperative evaluation and follow-up

2.7. Statistics

3. Results

4. Discussion

5. Conclusion

References

 

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